Core Ontology of Phenotyping (COP)
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Core Ontology of Phenotyping (COP)

This version:
https://w3id.org/cop/release/2024-06-11
Previous version:
https://w3id.org/cop/release/v0.2.1
Revision:
2024-06-11
Authors:
Alexandr Uciteli
Christoph Beger
Franz Matthies
Konrad Höffner
Ralph Schäfermeier
Download serialization:
JSON-LD RDF/XML N-Triples TTL
License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as:
Alexandr Uciteli, Christoph Beger, Franz Matthies, Konrad Höffner, Ralph Schäfermeier. Core Ontology of Phenotyping (COP). Revision: 2024-06-11. Retrieved from: https://w3id.org/cop/release/2024-06-11
DOI:
https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.5205497
Vocabulary maintained at:
https://github.com/Onto-Med/COP
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft

Core Ontology of Phenotyping: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Annotation Properties

Core Ontology of Phenotyping: Description back to ToC

The Core Ontology of Phenotyping (COP) defines core entities and their relationships that are relevant for modelling phenotypic knowledge and developing phenotyping software.

Cross-reference for Core Ontology of Phenotyping classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by Core Ontology of Phenotyping.

Classes

Algorithmc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16275

A defined procedure for solving a problem. Applied to a problem-solving procedure implemented in software to be executed by a computer.
has super-classes
Representation entity c
has sub-classes
Phenotype algorithm c
is in domain of
implemented By op
is in range of
implements op

Attributivec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Attributive

Individuals that are related to other individuals by some kind of dependency relation are called attributives.
has super-classes
Individual c
has sub-classes
Phenotype c
is in domain of
attributive Of op
is in range of
has Attributive op

Basic phenotype classc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/BasicPhenotypeClass

Basic phenotype classes represent phenotypes that have already been determined and for which the data are available.
has super-classes
Unrestricted phenotype class c
is in range of
basic Restriction Of op

Basic phenotype restrictionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/BasicPhenotypeRestriction

A basic phenotype restriction is a restriction of a basic phenotype class.
has super-classes
Phenotype restriction c
is in domain of
basic Restriction Of op

Booleanc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C45254

The type of an expression with two possible values, "true" and "false".
has super-classes
Data Type c

Categoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Category

The notion of category covers all abstract entities that can be instantiated by or are predicated of other entities.
has super-classes
Entity c
has sub-classes
Property c
is in domain of
instantiated By op
is in range of
instance Of op

Codec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C25162

A symbol or combination of symbols which is assigned to the members of a collection.
has super-classes
Representation entity c

Computer Programc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C17146

A set of coded instructions, which a computer follows in processing data, performing an operation, or solving a logical problem, upon execution of the program.
has super-classes
Representation entity c
has sub-classes
Phenotyping software c
is in domain of
implements op, realises op
is in range of
implemented By op

Data Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C42645

An indication of the form that a value will have. Examples include string, integer, and character.
has super-classes
Representation entity c
has sub-classes
Boolean c, Float c, String c, Timestamp Data Type c

Derivation Expressionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C93550

A character string containing a formal language expression that specifies how attributes are, should be, or have been derived from input parameters associated with activity.
has super-classes
Representation entity c

Derived phenotype classc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/DerivedPhenotypeClass

Derived phenotype classes model phenotypes that are to be deduced from other phenotypes and thus require a derivation expression/rule/formula to be formulated.
has super-classes
Unrestricted phenotype class c
is in domain of
derived From op
is in range of
derived Restriction Of op

Derived phenotype restrictionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/DerivedPhenotypeRestriction

A derived phenotype restriction is a restriction of a derived phenotype class.
has super-classes
Phenotype restriction c
is in domain of
derived Restriction Of op

Descriptionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C25365

A written or verbal account, representation, statement, or explanation of something.
has super-classes
Representation entity c

Dynamic phenotype algorithmc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/DynamicPhenotypeAlgorithm

A dynamic phenotype algorithm is a clear specification of instructions for executing an arbitrary phenotype query.
has super-classes
Phenotype algorithm c

Entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Entity

Everything which exists is called an entity.
has sub-classes
Category c, Individual c
is in domain of
has Representation Attribute op, instance Of op
is in range of
instantiated By op, representation Attribute Of op

Floatc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C48150

A number that can have its decimal point in any position.
has super-classes
Data Type c

Individualc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Individual

Individuals are entities which cannot be further instantiated.
has super-classes
Entity c
has sub-classes
Attributive c, Organism c, Process c

Modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16866

A representation of something, often idealized or modified to make it conceptually easier to understand.
has super-classes
Representation entity c
has sub-classes
Phenotype model c, Phenotype query c

Organismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://onto.eva.mpg.de/ontologies/gfo-bio.owl#Organism

has super-classes
Individual c
is in domain of
has Phenotype op
is in range of
phenotype Of op

Phenotypec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/Phenotype

A phenotype is a (combination of) bodily feature(s) or observable characteristic(s)/trait(s) of an organism.
has super-classes
Attributive c
is in domain of
phenotype Of op
is in range of
has Phenotype op

Phenotype algorithmc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeAlgorithm

A phenotype algorithm is a clear specification of instructions for executing a phenotype query, i.e., identifying individuals matching the query criteria (i.e., meeting all the inclusion but none of the exclusion criteria) and deriving/outputting further phenotypes (projection entries).
has super-classes
Algorithm c
has sub-classes
Dynamic phenotype algorithm c, Static phenotype algorithm c
is in domain of
applicable For op

Phenotype classc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeClass

Phenotype classes are categories whose instances are phenotypes.
has super-classes
Property c
has sub-classes
Phenotype restriction c, Unrestricted phenotype class c
is in range of
derived From op, has Exclusion op, has Inclusion op, has Projection op, has Query Parameter op, represents op

Phenotype modelc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeModel

A phenotype model is a formal representation of delimited phenotypic knowledge (i.e., phenotype classes, their attributes, and relationships).
has super-classes
Model c
is in domain of
represents op

Phenotype queryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeQuery

A phenotype query is a specification of certain phenotype classes as inclusion or exclusion criteria or as projection (output) entries.
has super-classes
Model c
is in domain of
has Exclusion op, has Inclusion op, has Projection op, has Query Parameter op
is in range of
applicable For op

Phenotype restrictionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeRestriction

A phenotype class whose extension (the set of instances, i.e., phenotypes) is restricted to a certain value range is called phenotype restriction.
has super-classes
Phenotype class c
has sub-classes
Basic phenotype restriction c, Derived phenotype restriction c
is in domain of
restriction Of op

Phenotypingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/Phenotyping

Phenotyping is a process of identifying or classifiyng phenotypes. This includes the identifying of individuals with certain phenotypes, determining phenotypes of individuals and deriving further phenotypes.
has super-classes
Process c

Phenotyping softwarec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypingSoftware

Phenotyping software is a software implementing a phenotype algorithm. A run of the software (implemented phenotype algorithm) realises a phenotyping process.
has super-classes
Computer Program c

Processc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Process

Processes are concrete individuals that have a temporal extension. Processes are directly in time, they have characteristics which cannot be captured by a collection of time boundaries.
has super-classes
Individual c
has sub-classes
Phenotyping c
is in range of
realises op

Propertyc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Property

Properties are categories that are instantiated by attributives.
has super-classes
Category c
has sub-classes
Phenotype class c

Rangec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C38013

The difference between the lowest and highest numerical values; the limits or scale of variation.
has super-classes
Representation entity c

Representation entityc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/RepresentationEntity

Representation entity is a model, specification or description.
has sub-classes
Algorithm c, Code c, Computer Program c, Data Type c, Derivation Expression c, Description c, Model c, Range c, Synonym c, Title c, Unit of Measure c
is in domain of
representation Attribute Of op
is in range of
has Representation Attribute op

Static phenotype algorithmc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/StaticPhenotypeAlgorithm

A static phenotype algorithm is a clear specification of instructions for executing exactly one specific phenotype query.
has super-classes
Phenotype algorithm c

Stringc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C45253

An expression consisting of a linear sequence of symbols (characters or words or phrases).
has super-classes
Data Type c

Synonymc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C52469

A word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or other words in a language; a word or an expression that serves as a figurative or symbolic substitute for another.
has super-classes
Representation entity c

Timestamp Data Typec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C54086

A variation of the Date datatype that's useful for storing very precise datetime values, down to small fractions of seconds. The Timestamp datatype stores all the information that the Date datatype stores, but also includes fractional seconds.
has super-classes
Data Type c

Titlec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C19067

An identifying designation.
has super-classes
Representation entity c

Unit of Measurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C25709

A named quantity in terms of which other quantities are measured or specified, used as a standard measurement of like kinds.
has super-classes
Representation entity c

Unrestricted phenotype classc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/UnrestrictedPhenotypeClass

A phenotype class whose extension (the set of instances, i.e., phenotypes) is not restricted to a certain value range is called unrestricted phenotype class.
has super-classes
Phenotype class c
has sub-classes
Basic phenotype class c, Derived phenotype class c
is in range of
restriction Of op

Object Properties

applicable Forop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/applicableFor

has domain
Phenotype algorithm c
has range
Phenotype query c

attributive Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/attributiveOf

has sub-properties
phenotype Of op
has domain
Attributive c
is inverse of
has Attributive op

basic Restriction Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/basicRestrictionOf

has super-properties
restriction Of op
has domain
Basic phenotype restriction c
has range
Basic phenotype class c

derived Fromop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/derivedFrom

has domain
Derived phenotype class c
has range
Phenotype class c

derived Restriction Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/derivedRestrictionOf

has super-properties
restriction Of op
has domain
Derived phenotype restriction c
has range
Derived phenotype class c

has Attributiveop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/hasAttributive

has sub-properties
has Phenotype op
has range
Attributive c
is inverse of
attributive Of op

has Exclusionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/hasExclusion

has super-properties
has Query Parameter op
has domain
Phenotype query c
has range
Phenotype class c

has Inclusionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/hasInclusion

has super-properties
has Query Parameter op
has domain
Phenotype query c
has range
Phenotype class c

has Phenotypeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/hasPhenotype

has super-properties
has Attributive op
has domain
Organism c
has range
Phenotype c
is inverse of
phenotype Of op

has Projectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/hasProjection

has super-properties
has Query Parameter op
has domain
Phenotype query c
has range
Phenotype class c

has Query Parameterop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/hasQueryParameter

has super-properties
top Object Property op
has sub-properties
has Exclusion op, has Inclusion op, has Projection op
has domain
Phenotype query c
has range
Phenotype class c

has Representation Attributeop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/hasRepresentationAttribute

has domain
Entity c
has range
Representation entity c
is inverse of
representation Attribute Of op

implemented Byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/implementedBy

has domain
Algorithm c
has range
Computer Program c
is inverse of
implements op

implementsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/implements

has domain
Computer Program c
has range
Algorithm c
is inverse of
implemented By op

instance Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instanceOf

has domain
Entity c
has range
Category c
is inverse of
instantiated By op

instantiated Byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instantiatedBy

has domain
Category c
has range
Entity c
is inverse of
instance Of op

phenotype Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/phenotypeOf

has super-properties
attributive Of op
has domain
Phenotype c
has range
Organism c
is inverse of
has Phenotype op

realisesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/realises

has domain
Computer Program c
has range
Process c

representation Attribute Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/representationAttributeOf

has domain
Representation entity c
has range
Entity c
is inverse of
has Representation Attribute op

representsop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/represents

has domain
Phenotype model c
has range
Phenotype class c

restriction Ofop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/restrictionOf

has sub-properties
basic Restriction Of op, derived Restriction Of op
has domain
Phenotype restriction c
has range
Unrestricted phenotype class c

Annotation Properties

contributorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

createdap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/created

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

doiap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi

homepageap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/homepage

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

modifiedap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/modified

preferred Namespace Prefixap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred Namespace U R Iap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceURI

refap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/cop/ref

referencesap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/references

repositoryap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#repository

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties

Changes from last version

Classes

Added classes
Deleted classes

Object Properties

Added object properties
  • https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/attributiveOf
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/attributiveOf> <https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/hasAttributive>)
    • Added: domain https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Attributive
  • https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/hasAttributive
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/attributiveOf> <https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/hasAttributive>)
    • Added: Range https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Attributive
  • https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instanceOf
    • Added: Range https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Category
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instanceOf> <https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instantiatedBy>)
    • Added: domain https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Entity
  • https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instantiatedBy
    • Added: domain https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Category
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instanceOf> <https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/instantiatedBy>)
    • Added: Range https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Entity
  • https://w3id.org/cop/applicableFor
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeQuery
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeAlgorithm
  • https://w3id.org/cop/basicRestrictionOf
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/BasicPhenotypeRestriction
    • Added: SubProperty of https://w3id.org/cop/restrictionOf
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/BasicPhenotypeClass
  • https://w3id.org/cop/derivedFrom
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/DerivedPhenotypeClass
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeClass
  • https://w3id.org/cop/derivedRestrictionOf
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/DerivedPhenotypeRestriction
    • Added: SubProperty of https://w3id.org/cop/restrictionOf
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/DerivedPhenotypeClass
  • https://w3id.org/cop/hasExclusion
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeClass
    • Added: SubProperty of https://w3id.org/cop/hasQueryParameter
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeQuery
  • https://w3id.org/cop/hasInclusion
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeClass
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeQuery
    • Added: SubProperty of https://w3id.org/cop/hasQueryParameter
  • https://w3id.org/cop/hasPhenotype
    • Added: SubProperty of https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/hasAttributive
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/Phenotype
    • Added: domain http://onto.eva.mpg.de/ontologies/gfo-bio.owl#Organism
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://w3id.org/cop/hasPhenotype> <https://w3id.org/cop/phenotypeOf>)
  • https://w3id.org/cop/hasProjection
    • Added: SubProperty of https://w3id.org/cop/hasQueryParameter
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeClass
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeQuery
  • https://w3id.org/cop/hasQueryParameter
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeClass
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeQuery
    • Added: SubProperty of http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty
  • https://w3id.org/cop/hasRepresentationAttribute
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/RepresentationEntity
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://w3id.org/cop/hasRepresentationAttribute> <https://w3id.org/cop/representationAttributeOf>)
    • Added: domain https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Entity
  • https://w3id.org/cop/implementedBy
    • Added: Range http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C17146
    • Added: domain http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16275
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://w3id.org/cop/implementedBy> <https://w3id.org/cop/implements>)
  • https://w3id.org/cop/implements
    • Added: Range http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C16275
    • Added: domain http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C17146
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://w3id.org/cop/implementedBy> <https://w3id.org/cop/implements>)
  • https://w3id.org/cop/phenotypeOf
    • Added: Range http://onto.eva.mpg.de/ontologies/gfo-bio.owl#Organism
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/Phenotype
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://w3id.org/cop/hasPhenotype> <https://w3id.org/cop/phenotypeOf>)
    • Added: SubProperty of https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/attributiveOf
  • https://w3id.org/cop/realises
    • Added: domain http://ncicb.nci.nih.gov/xml/owl/EVS/Thesaurus.owl#C17146
    • Added: Range https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Process
  • https://w3id.org/cop/representationAttributeOf
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/RepresentationEntity
    • Added: InverseObjectProperties InverseObjectProperties(<https://w3id.org/cop/hasRepresentationAttribute> <https://w3id.org/cop/representationAttributeOf>)
    • Added: Range https://purl.org/ontology/gfo/Entity
  • https://w3id.org/cop/represents
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeModel
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeClass
  • https://w3id.org/cop/restrictionOf
    • Added: domain https://w3id.org/cop/PhenotypeRestriction
    • Added: Range https://w3id.org/cop/UnrestrictedPhenotypeClass
Deleted object properties

Data Properties

Deleted data properties

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.